Navigation technology varies by model and price point. Basic units follow random patterns, changing direction when hitting obstacles. This random movement eventually covers the entire pool surface through repeated passes. Advanced robotic pool cleaners incorporate smart navigation with infrared and IMU sensors that enable AI route learning. These systems map pool dimensions and create systematic 3D "S" path routes for comprehensive coverage. Premium models can climb walls, clean waterlines, and navigate obstacles like steps and drains. Advanced models can navigate various water depths and pool configurations effectively.